The link between U.S. conquest of the Philippines and the lure of the China market was widely acknowledged at the time, and no one rendered this more vividly, concisely, and admiringly than the cartoonist Emil Flohri. From the Cape to Cairo / Keppler. - Library Of Congress The influx of cheap Western goods eroded generations-long trading patterns, while telegraph and railroad lines were constructed in violation of superstitions, eliciting deep resentment among Chinese. Elliott, Jane E. SomeDid It for Civilisation, Some Did It for Their Country: A RevisedView of the Boxer War(Hong Kong: The Chinese University Press, 2002). The human and financial cost of these extended conflicts was large. Uncle Sam and John Bull, as fellow soldiers, survey the globe from a parapet. (doi:10.1017/S0021875810000046). the younger Keppler also contributed cartoons, and became co-owner of the magazine after his father's death, when he changed his name to Joseph Keppler. - 6 reviews. It is just to use every legitimate means for the enlargement of American trade; but we seek no advantages in the Orient which are not common to all. The White Mans Burden (Apologies to Rudyard Kipling). Victor Gillam,Judge, April 1, 1899. Africa is the setting. History in Three Keys: The Boxers as Event, Experience, and Myth(New York: Columbia University Press, 1997). Translated from Russian. Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey (2014). Presence of a German fleet lent evidence to one of the justifications the U.S. gave for war with Spain, that is, to protect the Philippines from takeover by a rival major power. The image argues that a crisis point has been reached and the caption states, Some One Must Back Up., Some One Must Back Up. Victor Gillam,Judge, December 8, 1900. Includes bibliographical references and index. This political cartoon was drawn by Edward Linley Sambourne and was published in the 10 December 1892 edition of Punch magazine, appearing beside an article from The Times about a Rhodes plan to extend an electrical telegraph line from Cape Town to Cairo. Colonists--British--1900-1910. Wrapped in Kerosene-Soaked Cotton and Roasted to Death., In this same horrified mode, the July 28 cover of Harpers Weeklya publication that carried the subtitle A Journal of Civilizationdepicted demonic Boxers brandishing primitive weapons, carrying severed heads on pikes, and trampling a child wrapped in the American flag. William!! We may have burnt certain villages, destroyed considerable property and incidentally slaughtered a few thousand of their sons and brothers, husbands and fathers, etc., but what did they expect? Reference staff can Co., Puck Bldg., NY [New York: Published by Keppler & Schwarzmann, NY. S Summary is a official man just stand up over a land. Rhodes_cartoon_analysis+FINAL.docx - Name: Grady Lentz Declaration of Independence:Life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness.. From the Cape to Cairo / Keppler. Le Silence (Concentration Camps in the Transvaal. The Pigtail Has Got to Go. Louis Dalrymple,Puck, October 19, 1898. What historical event or imperialist practice is this cartoon referencing? Edit. The black-and-white drawing by William H. Walker captured the harsh reality behind the ideal of benevolent assimilation, depicting imperialists Uncle Sam, John Bull, Kaiser Wilhelm, and, coming into view, a figure that probably represents France, as burdens carried by vanquished non-white peoples. [Read Online]. Columbia Studies in the Social Sciences (New York: Columbia University Press, 1955). Good Will to Nobody.Life, January 4, 1900, Source: Widener Library, Harvard University, UnlikePuckandJudge, Life was often highly critical of U.S. overseas expansion. ***Appointments are virtual, but we can schedule in-person if needed. Britain is digesting China, Egypt, Australia, Africa, Canada, and India. On November 29, 1892, while on a visit to London, Rhodes made a speech in which he dramatically announced that he intended to extend the Colony's telegraphic connections across the entire continent - not only to Lake Tanganyika and Uganda, but through the fundamentalist Islamic Sudan and all the way to British Cairo. Regarding the Philippines in particular, he continues: without any desire or design on our part, the war has brought us new duties and responsibilities which we must meet and discharge as becomes a great nation on whose growth and career from the beginning the ruler of nations has plainly written the high command and pledge of civilization. The First Traverse of Africa From South to North. Time: Aug 23, 2021 12:00 PM to 1:15 PM EST The Rhodes Colossus - Striding from Cape Town to Cairo Tributes have poured in for a Cape Town vet who was killed by . Dr Natheem Jacobs was stabbed at his home in Garlandale, Athlone. Phillips, Richard and Jones, Rhys. Illustrated by A. D. McCormick, with fold-out color map. Thophile Steinlen,LAssiette au Beurre, June 27, 1901. You will probably need to use the links or conduct additional research to find the information to answer these questions. in: Puck, v. 52, no. Spencer, David R. "No Laughing Matter. Vignette-style graphics placed an array of smaller scenes around the central image. Ask A Librarian service or call the reading room between 8:30 and The imperialist rhetoric of civilization versus barbarism that took root during these years was reinforced in both the United States and England by a small flood of political cartoonscommonly executed in full color and with meticulous attention to detail. N.Y.: J. Ottmann Lith. Although applicable for all exam boards the. Girls are part of the obedient older class studying books labeled California, Texas, New Mexico, and Arizona. The only non-white student in the older group holds the book titled Alaska and is neatly coifed in contrast to the unruly new class made up of the Philippines, Hawaii, Porto Rico, and Cuba. All are depicted as dark-skinned and childish. The scene above turns the tables on the Harpers Weekly cover (above) and accuses foreign troops and missionaries of atrocities during the Boxer Uprising in China. China peeps over the wall. economics. ***, Topic: History 125 Virtual Edition 730-735 (2008). Rhodes measures with the telegraphic line the distance from Cape Town (at his right foot) in South Africa to Cairo (at his left foot) in Egypt, illustrating his broader "Cape to Cairo" concept for further colonial expansion in Africa. Illustration shows Britannia carrying a large white flag labeled "Civilization" with British soldiers and colonists behind her, advancing on a horde of natives, one carrying a flag labeled "Barbarism". Keppler portrays the conflict between the British and Sudanese as a struggle of the representatives of civilization against the forces of barbarism. Although the imagery used to depict the barbarians is not specifically evocative of the Middle East, it is a reflection of the predominant Western attitude toward the enterprise of colonialism and imperialism at the dawn of the twentieth century. 1898 poster promotes the U.S.-British rapprochement as A Union in the Interest of Humanity Civilization, Freedom and Peace for All Time. Multiple representations symbolize the two Anglo nations: national symbols (the eagle and lion); flags (the Stars and Stripes and Union Jack); female personifications (Columbia and Britannia); male personifications (Uncle Sam and John Bull); and national coats of arms (eagle and shield for America; lion, unicorn, crown, and shield for Great Britain). Christian missionaries often led the way, followed by politicians, troops, andbringing up the rearbusinessmen. Cartoonist Victor Gillam turns the tables on American missionary zeal and moral imperative to save the heathen by showing how the Chinese might view the foreign devils in vignettes of ignorance, racism, and extreme violence in the United States. The war was declared over by President Theodore Roosevelt in 1902 but continued in parts of the country until 1913. By the spring of 1900, Boxer attacks were spreading toward the capital city of Beijing. Nishi, Masao - Institut Mirovogo Khoziastva I Mirovo Politiki (Kommunisticheskaia Akademiia) - Varga, Eugen. 'An animal hero has fallen': Cape Town vet stabbed to death after 301-314 (2010). Photograph. 202-212 (September 2010). In the U.S., the 1860s Civil War generated suspicion that neutral Britain covertly supported the Confederacy. Indeed, the visual record was, in its unique way, more powerfulmore literally graphicthan words alone could ever be. Imperialists Uncle Sam, John Bull, Kaiser Wilhelm, and, in the distance, probably France are borne on the backs of subjugated people in the Philippines, India, and Africa. | Print shows John Bull attempting to reassure Uncle Sam that the storm clouds labeled "Philippine Complications" blowing in from the right will soon pass; he gestures toward 1 print : chromolithograph. The message suggests that the indigenous man will be brought out of ignorance through the inescapable march of progress in the form of Western civilization. Please use the following steps to determine whether you need to fill out a call slip in the Prints 4). In The Pigtail Has Got to Go, a white-robed goddess wears a star that radiates over a Chinese mandarin. 1900. Source:Library of Congress. The two allies had been embroiled in lengthy wars with costly and devastating effects on the populations in Africa and Asia. 1898) illuminate demeaning caricatures of China. Brewer, Susan. (doi:10.1080/14650040802275644). Maine. In the eyes of the West, China was dangerously close to chaos as the new century began. Includes bibliographical references and index. How such uncivilized behavior fit the rhetoric of the civilizing mission is the subject of the Life cartoon, A Red-Letter Day. Against a backdrop of distant flames, a Filipino mansympathetically drawn as tall, handsome, and heroic in contrast to the usual caricature of a tiny, expressionless savage in a grass skirtis questioned by a clergyman. Progress was promoted as an unassailable value that would bring the worlds barbarians into modern times for their own good and the good of global commerce. Prisoners will not be taken! Illustration shows Britannia carrying a large white flag labeled Civilization with British soldiers and colonists behind her, advancing on a horde of natives, one carrying a flag labeled Barbarism. Mans Burden, in the caption to thisLifecover published shortly after Kiplings poem. From the Cape to Cairo Collection: Library of Congress Prints and Photographs Description: Britannia, carrying a large white flag labeled "Civilization" with British soldiers and colonists behind her, advances on a horde of natives, one carrying a flag labeled "Barbarism." Caption: Though the process be costly, the road to progress must be cut. One was the second Boer War of 18991902 that pitted British forces against Dutch-speaking settlers in South Africa and their black supporters. ", From the Cape to Cairo. A more earthly approach is taken in the graphic Some One Must Back Up that heads this essay. From the Cape to Cairo the first traverse of Africa from south to north by Ewart Scott Grogan. [Read Online]. wotever 'll become of my ship-building monopoly, if that there Yankee is going to turn out boats like that right along? Louis Dalrymple,Puck, July 24, 1895. In this French cartoon from a special issue titled, La Guerre (War), a missionary and a Red Cross representative lament the violent and un-Christian behavior of Westerners overseas. Original publication of Rudyard Kiplings poem, The White Mans Burden.. Brown, Arthur Judson. Location: Innovation Hall, 330 and online (see info below). title not id. Three savage turn-of-the-century conflicts defined the milieu in which such rhetoric flourished: the Anglo-Boer War of 18991902 in South Africa; the U.S. conquest and occupation of the Philippines initiated in 1899; and the anti-foreign Boxer Uprising in China that provoked intervention by eight foreign nations in 1900. A number of critical cartoons of the time addressed the unsavory behavior of the civilizers themselves, and the disparity between doctrine and actions. In a run of 13 lithographs published in the July 4, 1900 issue of the French periodical LAssiette au Beurre, the cartoonist Ren Georges Hermann-Paul was especially incisive in calling attention to this grim reality. December 10, 1892] A more earthly approach is taken in the graphic Some One Must Back Up that heads this essay. Source: Widener Library, Harvard University, The barbarity of imperial war is displayed on a battlefield littered with dead soldiers of many nationalities that stretches from contemporary warshere, the Philippines and Transvaal (Boer War)back through time to Roman Wars. The sub-caption of this 1900 Judge cartoon once again asks the disturbing question: is civilization advancing?. Prints and Photographs division. Title from item. 799820 (June 2000). Though the Process Be Costly, The Road of Progress Must Be Cut, states that progress must be pursued despite suffering on both sides. Theory and Society16(5):675 (1987). He was just one of the imperial rulers and national figures to be demonized. Source: Bibliothque nationale de France. Model students Hawaii and Porto Rico appear as docile girls learning their lessons. Vebers series, Les Camps de Reconcentration au Transvaal, begins with the cover image Le Silence, in which a veiled woman holds her finger to her lips, standing over the remnants of what appears to be an electric fence and a plow that suggests the earth has been tilled to bury evidence. Bickers, Robert A. and R. G. Tiedemann. Translated from Russian. Even the Civil War is referenced, in a wall plaque: The Confederate States refused their consent to be governed; but the Union was preserved without their consent. Refuting the right of indigenous rule was based on demonstrating a populations lack of preparation for self-governance. Publisher. The humanity of our soldiers is admirable and does not tire despite the ferocity of the Boers (Official Report to the War Office. Though black Africans did not fight in the war, over 100,000 were rounded up and confined in camps separate from the white internees. Cutting of Africa at the Berlin Conference published in LIllustration, January 1885. Theodore Roosevelt Digital Library. the Prints and Photographs Reading Room. History of Animation in Egypt. Citations are generated automatically from bibliographic data as At the core of the White Mans Burden is a reluctant civilizer who takes up arms for the purpose of relieving grievous wrongs, in the words of President William McKinley. Expert Help. In this activity, you will analyze and then create cartoons about imperialism. The caption at their feet exclaims United We Stand for Civilization and Peace!, 'United We Stand for Civilization and Peace! Louis Dalrymple,Puck, June 8, 1898. LC-DIG-ppmsca-25696 (digital file from original print). Un treillage de fer travers par un courant lectrique est la plus saine et la plus sre des cltures. What can an observer infer about the role of native Africans in French colonial conquests from "Conquest and Competition" (Visual Source 18.2)?, 3. Three overlapping turn-of-the-century conflicts in particular stirred the righteous rhetoric of the white imperialists. The enlarged detail below reveals that the flags of the opponents say the same thing in different words, each justifying their wars to uphold the principle of the Golden Rule., Are our teachings, then, in vain? Udo Keppler,Puck, October 3, 1900. (A thumbnail (small) image will be visible on the left.). In the caption, Uncle Sam lectures: (to his new class in Civilization): Now, children, you've got to learn these lessons whether you want to or not! Rudyard Kiplings famous poem The White Mans Burden was published in 1899, during a high tide of British and American rhetoric about bringing the blessings of civilization and progress to barbaric non-Western, non-Christian, non-white peoples. MIT Visualizing Cultures In some cases, a surrogate (substitute image) is Includes bibliographical references and index. The word "Civilization" (with a capital C), alongside Progress, was counterposed against the words barbarism, barbarians, and barbarity, with accompanying visual stereotypes. A scrawny female figure in the background appears to be a skull-faced depiction of Britannia, grown thin and solitary through endless pursuit of war. New Forces in Old China: An Inevitable Awakening(New York: F.H. Explain your reasoning. The Battle of Omdurman in September 1898in which British forces retook the Sudan using Maxim machine guns to inflict disproportionate casualties on native Mahdi forceswas followed almost immediately by the Fashoda Crisis with France, in which the British asserted their control of territory around the upper Nile. N.Y. : J. Ottmann Lith. The image is ironically paired with a quote attributed to an Official Report to the War Office that says iron railing through which an electric current runs makes the healthiest and safest fences., Les Progrs de la Science (The Advances of Science). He was also a collector of . Page updated: U.S. regiments were transported from the Philippines to join the Allied force. The message suggests that the indigenous man will be brought out of ignorance through the inescapable march of progress in the form of Western civilization. Even the language of Lifes caption is subversive, for it picks up a famous pro-imperialist speech by Theodore Roosevelt titled The Strenuous Life. Delivered on April 10, 1899, two years before Roosevelt became president, the most famous lines of the speech were these: I wish to preach, not the doctrine of ignoble ease, but the doctrine of the strenuous life, the life of toil and effort, of labor and strife; to preach that highest form of success which comes, not to the man who desires mere easy peace, but to the man who does not shrink from danger . Source: Widener Library, Harvard University. Skulls dot the landscape ahead in Lifes grim rendering. 4, pp. On the left, Minerva, goddess of wisdom and Western civilization, witnesses the debut. Vol. Who, they asked, was the real barbarian? From the Cape to Cairo / Keppler. The blackboard contains the lessons learned from Great Britain on how to govern a colony and bring them into the civilized world, stating, By not waiting for their consent she has greatly advanced the world's civilization. The expedition met with unexpectedly fierce opposition from Boxers and Qing dynasty troops and was forced to retreat. Reference staff can The British had just subdued the Dutch-descended Boers, in southern Africa. The White Mans Burden (Apologies to Rudyard Kipling) (detail). Source and Registration#: Created by Joseph Keppler, Professor of Iranian and Central Asian History and of Near Eastern Languages and Civilizations, The University of Chicago, Outreach Coordinator, Center for Middle Eastern Studies, University of Chicago, The Middle East as Seen Through Foreign EyesTwentieth and Twenty-First CenturiesImage Resource Bank, 2010 The Oriental Institute, The University of Chicago | Matthews, Roy T. Britannia and John Bull: From Birth to Maturity.The Historian,Vol. Co., Puck Bldg. This was followed by the invasion and takeover of Puerto Rico. In this rendering it is the Bible-toting white invader (The Stranger) who is ridiculed. Source:Library of Congress, This rueful cartoon places Confucius and Jesus side-by-side and laments the failure of all parties to practice what they preach. Save the republic : Anti-imperialist leaflet no. Designed using Unos. Newly conquered populations, described in the opening stanza as your new-caught, sullen peoples, half-devil and half-child would need sustained commitments to serve your captives needs.. Despite public neutrality, the U.S. and Britain covertly supported each other. L'humanit de nos soldats est admirable et ne se lasse pas malgr la frocit des Bors (Rapport officiel au War Office. Titled Dream of the Empress of China, the dream is an obvious nightmare, as the sardonic sub-caption makes clear. Estimates of civilian fatalities, on the other hand, range from 200,000 to possibly well over a million. After Allied forces were dispatched to relieve the sieges in Tianjin and Beijing, however, it did not take long before news reports and complementary visual commentary began to take note of barbaric conduct on both sides of the conflict. available, often in the form of a digital image, a copy print, or microfilm. Other materials require appointments for later the same day or in the future. (This coincided with the annexation of Hawaii as a U.S. territory in congressional votes in June and July of the same year.) Source: Widener Library, Harvard University, U.S. President William McKinley is depicted as a preacher standing on a dead Filipino, grinding his heel into the mans face. Lucky Filipinos.Life, May 3, 1900. 4, pp. Almost thou persuadest me to be a ChristianActs xxvi, 28. William H. Walker,Life, April 25, 1901. Brandishing the flag of Civilization, Britannia leads white troops and settlers against native forces under the banner of Barbarism.. This will help reinforce what youve already learned about imperialism and will give you more insight into both the minds of the imperialists as well as those who rejected this type of domination. The cartoonist targets capitalists as the true power behind the policies and practices in the Pacific, with a portrait of businessman Marcus Hannaa dollar sign elongating his earthat dwarfs a portrait of President William McKinley. Published in April 27, 1898, the first cartoon calls the monumental warship The Sphinx of the Period: an unknown quantity in modern warfare. About a month later, a June 1 graphic picks up on the Sphinx metaphor and declares The American Battle-Ship is No Longer an Unknown Quantity. A pugnacious sailor and sweeping U.S. flag have replaced the inscrutable sphinx; guns are smoking, the Spanish fleet lies sunken below. An Atlantic Triangle in the 1900s: Theodore Roosevelts special relationships with France and Britain.Journal of Transatlantic Studies,Vol. As the Heathen See Us A Meeting of the Chinese Foreign Missions Society. John S. Pughe,Puck, November 21, 1900. Louis Dalrymples exceptionally detailed 1899 Puck graphic includes racist and denigrating depictions within a schoolhouse metaphor to demonstrate the right to govern newly acquired territories without their consent. 2 vols. In The Harvest in the Philippines, Uncle Sam stands, armed to the hilt, gazing at the viewer with a field of Filipino corpses lined up in rows behind him and stretching back as far as the eye can see. Do the Access Advisory or Call Number fields above indicate that a non-digital surrogate exists, Along with his burden of steel, trains, sewing machines, and other industrial goods, Uncle Sam carries a book titled Education, Religion in a nod to the rhetoric of moral uplift that accompanied the commercial goals of the civilizing mission. This special issue of LAssiette au Beurre drew particular attention to the brutal tactics adopted by the British in the Boer War, including herding the families of the Boer opponent into concentration camps. The campaign was stepped up to target the civilian population that provided crucial support for guerrilla fighters in both the Transvaal and Orange Free State republics. As the Heathen See Us: Reversing the Gaze. The U.S. entered the elite group of world powers with victories in the Spanish-American War (written in the clouds over the naval battle on the right). 367-373 (1998). Sitemap The Rhodes Colossus Striding From Cape Town To Cairo Analysi White man's burden--1900-1910, - The language obviously resonated with the Kipling-esque imagery of white men bringing enlightenment to new-caught sullen peoples, half-devil and half-child. People of darkness was, moreover, a perception that missionaries (whom Twain excoriated) routinely applied to the heathen natives of non-Christian lands. Ships for American commerce a speciality., Right: Uncle Sam proudly displays his new steamship and a sign that reads, Uncle Sam the ship builder re-established with great success in 1893. In a striking Judge graphic, an Auto-Truck of Civilization and Trade lights a pathway through the darkness, leading with a gun and the message: Force if Necessary. Overladen with manufactured goods and modern technology, the vehicle is driven by a resolute Uncle Sam. (Some images display only as thumbnails outside 11, Issue 40, No. [Photograph] Retrieved from the Library of Congress, https://www.loc.gov/item/2010652189/. Postwar industrialization and the introduction of new commodities such as steel and electricity gradually transformed the agrarian nation.