Thunderstorms also generated hail of up to 2in (5.1cm) in diameter as well; 2-inch-diameter (5.1cm) measurements occurred from South Dakota, Oklahoma, and Arkansas to Indiana, Mississippi, and Georgia on April1012.[2][35]. For other uses, see. This devastating tornado was first detected at 4:27p.m. CDT (21:27UTC), but officially touched down sevenminutes earlier, in Lakewood. Heres a map of the path of the Palm Sunday tornado that went through Ottawa and Kent Counties. The National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration has been tracking tornadoes for decades. Tornado Outbreak on April 11, 1965 Kills Hundreds in Midwest [5], A rare F1 tornado touched down in California. Another outbreak of seven tornadoes hit Ohio and Pennsylvania, killing two and injuring 28. As it struck the southern outskirts of Marion, the tornado leveled a pair of homes, partly unroofed a Department of Veterans Affairs (VA) hospital, and wrecked the Panorama shopping center. Let us know if you have suggestions to improve this article (requires login). Four widely scattered tornadoes touched down with an F3 twister in South Carolina injuring 46. of the Branch Co. tornado what a MONSTER wedge tornado! Palm Sunday tornado outbreak of 1965 - Britannica Similar to the 1965 tornadoes the 1920 tornadoes struck Indiana late in the afternoon and followed multiple paths across the state but today's Weather Service estimated an intensity of F5, which is the most intense and devastating rating for a tornado. Several years ago I visited the site of the infamous twin tornadoes the ravaged the Midway Trailer Park. As the tornado neared Dunlap, it intensified into an extremely violent tornado. There were 147 tornadoes confirmed in the United States in June. Their bodies were located twoblocks distant and a pickup truck was found to have landed in the basement. This page is dedicated to the stories and memories of the Palm Sunday tornado that struck lower. The focus of this summary will be on one of 10 tornadoes to hit the state of Indiana during the 1965 Outbreak. Take a look at Michigan's 12 tornadoes and their tracks below, with data sourced from the weather service: Western and central Michigan experienced most of the tornado touchdowns that day. More: Deadly Palm Sunday tornado survivors recall 'end of the world' 50 years later. March 28, 1920: 37 tornadoes across the Midwest and Deep South. It continued through Greentown and into the southern parts of Marion and dissipated near Arcana. Areas that were farmland in 1965 are covered with suburban homes now. On this Wikipedia the language links are at the top of the page across from the article title. Track Michigan's 12 tornadoes from the 1965 Palm Sunday outbreak - mlive The tornado obliterated roughly 80% of the trailer park, with 10deaths, and caused F4 damage to numerous other homes near Middlebury, some of which were swept clean. The Palm Sunday Tornado Hillsdale County Historical Society The 17violent tornadoes on April11, 1965, set a 24-hour record that stood until the first Super Outbreak produced 30in 1974. A diesel plant, a wallpaper factory, and a manufacturer sustained damage ranging from light to heavy. An F-2 tornado near Bay City tore roofs off homes and an auto dealership. Ernie Ostuno, a meteorologist at the National Weather Service in Grand Rapids, explained all the ingredients necessary for a classic, destructive outbreak came together that day. Michigan was among the hardest-hit states. 50th anniversary of 1965 Crystal Lake tornado. As the warm front bisected central Iowa and stretched into Illinois and Indiana, a cold front and very dry air aloftindicative of a potent elevated mixed layerdeparted from eastern Kansas. A wide outbreak of 37 tornadoes killed 256 people, mostly in Ohio, Michigan, and Indiana on Palm Sunday 1965. June 2, 1965: Tornado. According to the U.S. ; Books are available for purchase and Hidden Revealed and The Night The Sirens Blew will be autographed by Allen Taylor. For more recent tornadoes, clicking deeper . The Twin Cities tornadoes of 1965. GRAND RAPIDS, MI -- Twelve tornadoes touched down and raced across Michigan on Palm Sunday, April 11, 1965, carving several paths of destruction. [13][14] High temperatures ranged from 83 to 85F (28 to 29C) from Chicago to St. Six tornadoes tore through the Twin Cities area with 13 fatalities and more than . While officially considered one tornado, recent studies indicate that the event consisted of twotornadoes and was not a multiple-vortex event. Email him at akrietz@mlive.com or follow him on Twitter. Because wind is invisible, it is hard to see a tornado unless it forms a condensation funnel made up of water droplets, dust and debris. Debates have continued since 1965 about the actual tornado tracks, their timelines, and about their true human toll, but the official record indicates that the tornadoes killed thirteen people and injured 683 more, with 600 homes destroyed and 1,700 people rendered homeless. There were 11 tornadoes that day. Fridley Tornado, 1965 | MNopedia Unlike many bouts of severe weather, this rash is memorable for the strength of its tornadoes and the lives taken. Additionally, significant scientific data were gathered from aerial surveys of the tornado paths. Tornadoes of November 26, 1965 Weather.gov > Louisville, KY > Tornadoes of November 26, 1965 November 26, 1965 Counties: Metcalfe F-scale: F2 Deaths: 1 Injuries: 1 Path width: 30 yards Path length: 6 miles Time: 11:00pm Notes: Moved east from east of Hiseville to Savoyard and Sulphur Well. Check out the Comstock Park Palm Sunday tornado facebook page. In Indiana, the first tornado touched down in the early afternoon at Koontz Lake, which straddles Marshall and Starke counties, killing 10. Spoon wrapped around tree branch! About 30minutes later, the Manitou BeachDevils Lake area in Lenawee County was hit by the second of the two tornadoes, causing numerous fatalities, including a family of sixin eastern Lenawee County. The tornado he was caught up in was an F4 that began near Middlefork and crossed through Russiaville to Alto through the southern part of Kokomo. The most recent Palm Sunday Outbreak occurred March 27, 1994 across the SE US. 11, 1965. After this event, the Weather Bureau began the Watch/Warning system that is still in use today. Indianas death toll was the heaviest, with 141 of the 270 total deaths; at least 5,000 other persons were injured, and property damage was estimated at more than $250 million. 20injuries occurred at the VA hospital, and looters scavenged the shopping center. [8][9], Just two days after the deadly Palm Sunday outbreak, yet another deadly outbreak of 16 tornadoes struck the Great Plains and the Southeast, killing one and injuring 58. A long-track F4 tornado moved from Ottawa Co. into Kent Co. hitting Comstock Park and Rockford, then moving northeast into Montcalm Co. before dissipating. Brian mentions, We were between the center tornado and the tail of the other one. He very well could have been in the midst of multiple funnels. There were 17 fatalities and 772 injuries. [nb 6][26] Radio news reporter Martin Jensen, then stationed at the WMT Station in Cedar Rapids, reported the first tornado of the day forming at 1:45p.m. CDT (18:45UTC). [26][24][38] A total of 31 violent (F4 and F5) tornadoes also touched down, which was also a record, with 17 of the F4 tornadoes occurring during the 1965 Palm Sunday tornado outbreak. Richard, Rosalie, and John Holter died two blocks from the foundation of their home in Crystal Lake. 03 Mar 2023 13:47:12 [7] However, as was the case in many other areas heavily affected, the outbreak began on Palm Sunday, an important holy day for most Christians, and many people were attending church services, which may explain why some tornado warnings were never received. 1999 in Oklahoma during a severe weather outbreak, prior to that, twin tornadoes were recorded during the Palm Sunday tornado outbreak in Indiana in 1965. Fifty freight train cars were derailed in Ohio. Tornadoes of November 26, 1965 - National Weather Service Elkhart Truth photographer Paul Huffman was on a drive with his wife along U.S. 33 near Dunlap when they spotted what they thought was black smoke from a fire. Twin tornadoes of this size are a very rare event. Swaths of debris from groups of leveled homes lay spread out over the landscape. One person was killed in an F-1 tornado that formed in Allegan County and moved into Barry County. When it comes to tornadoes in the Toledo area, the Palm Sunday tornado outbreak of April 11, 1965, which killed 35 people in Northwest Ohio (18 in Lucas and Monroe counties, 13 in Allen and Hancock counties, 4 in Seneca County and 271 in the Midwest total), is unrivaled in terms of damage, deaths, injuries and storm strength. We were on the 31 bypass just north of the Chrysler Plant in Kokomo. TV21 and TV Tornado comic #195 - Oct 12 1968 FN-$1.19 + $23.93 shipping. Aerial view of the Sunnyside subdivision in Dunlap, Indiana, after the F4 tornado of April 11, 1965. The May 1965 tornado outbreak was the worst ever in Twin Cities, MN history. The Wolverine Plastics building on the Monroe County side of town, then the top employer in the village, was destroyed with the roof being completely removed in the process. Oneor both F4 tornadoes struck the then-Village of Milan, south of Ann Arbor. $1.19 + $23.93 shipping. 850 people attended the 50th Anniversary of the 1965 Fridley Tornadoes Wednesday, May 6 @ 6:00 pm - Fridley High School Auditorium located at 6000 West Moore Lake Drive NE, Fridley, MN 55432 Program location had to change due to overwhelming response! One of the tornadoes damaged parts of Onsted; in the nearby village of Tipton, which suffered a direct hit, 94% of the town's buildings were damaged or destroyed. [13][14] The following morning, at 7:00a.m. CDT (12:00UTC), data from radiosondes indicated wind speeds of 120150kn (140170mph; 220280km/h) between the altitudes of 18,00030,000ft (5,5009,100m) over the SonoranChihuahua Deserts and the Arizona/New Mexico Mountains. Black storm clouds gather. The tornado outbreak of May 6, 1965 pioneered several firsts in severe weather coverage for Minnesota. There were 123 tornadoes confirmed in the United States in April. The Maple Crest apartment complex was unroofed and incurred the collapse of its uppermost walls. The tornado neared U.S. Route 12 as it dissipated at 3:42p.m. CST (21:42UTC). Some. An isolated, brief, but strong F3 tornado injured 27 in Kansas. Eightfatalities occurred in the church. As the afternoon went on, one twister after another began forming and touching down all over northern Indiana. Flashback: 6 tornadoes raked the Twin Cities in 1965 Join the tornado history discussion on our. Because of the damage to the Fridley High School, the graduation ceremonies were held in nearby Brooklyn Center. With the telephone lines down, emergency services in Elkhart County, Indiana, could not warn Michigan residents that the tornadoes were headed their way. If you purchase a product or register for an account through one of the links on our site, we may receive compensation. The entire sequence generated 77 tornadoes, including 37 significant tornadoes with nine of them becoming violent. The tornados path looked like a huge lawnmower had passed over the land, leveling everything in sight.. THE ASSOCIATED PRESS Apr 12, 2010 Debbie Watters, founder of the Palm Sunday Tornado Memorial in Dunlap, speaks during a memorial service Sunday recognizing the 45th anniversary of the deadly. 11, 1965. As the storms moved east, the tornadoes began to multiply. This page documents the tornadoes and tornado outbreaks of 1965, primarily in the United States. One tornado had a continuous track of over 90 miles. In Indiana alone, at least 10(F4 and F5 on the Fujita tornado intensity scale) were spawned from the Palm Sunday tornado outbreak. An extensive aerial survey was made over a large portion of the area affected by the outbreak of tornadoes on Palm Sunday on Apr. [31], This was the second and deadliest of two violent tornadoes to strike the ElkhartGoshen area, with the highest single-tornado death toll in the outbreak. Survivors said the sky turned yellow then green then downright frightening. As Huffman awaited the storm, he noticed the tornado approaching from the southwest, so he began taking a series of photographs, sixin all. Main article: Tornado outbreak of February 23, 1965 An outbreak of four tornadoes struck South Floridabetween 10 a.m.-1 p.m. EST(15-18 UTC); the strongest was an F3 tornado that moved through the Fort Lauderdale metro area, injuring six people. The tornado created about $15 million in damage. There, 18homes were leveled, some of which were cleanly swept from their foundations, and 50others were severely damaged in town. If your child will play baseball or softball this spring, youll need to stock up on appropriate clothing and equipment. Due to changes in the intensity of the damage, surveyors split the path into twoseparate tornadoes. Hail up to three inches diameter was reported at Lafayette, Rossville, Middlefork and Marion. They tracked about 30 minutes apart through Branch, Hillsdale, Lenawee, Monroe and Washtenaw counties, killing at least 35 people. April 11, 1965: 45 tornadoes, 17 rated F4. Deadliest Indiana tornado outbreak on this date in 1965 Across Hillsdale County the tornado killed 11or more people and destroyed 177homes. In 1965, the telephone was the primary means of point-to-point contact, between public safety agencies in Southern Lower Michigan and neighboring Indiana and Ohio. Fallen trees and debris blocked roads, slowing access to the injured . April 11, 1965: 45 tornadoes, 17 rated F4. Brian was 14 years old and riding in the car with his Mom and Dad. The .mw-parser-output .frac{white-space:nowrap}.mw-parser-output .frac .num,.mw-parser-output .frac .den{font-size:80%;line-height:0;vertical-align:super}.mw-parser-output .frac .den{vertical-align:sub}.mw-parser-output .sr-only{border:0;clip:rect(0,0,0,0);height:1px;margin:-1px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;position:absolute;width:1px}34-mile-wide (1.2km) tornado destroyed or damaged 90% of the community, though most of the damage ranged from F0F3. The picture at the top is the Swan Inn at 6 Mile Road and Alpine Avenue in Comstock Park (by Walter Nelson). Grazulis classified the tornado as an F5, but it is officially rated F4. Threemore people died in the Middlebury area before the tornado ended. That year we had a record March snowfall (36) and it was quite cold in March. Notes: Storm Data says this tornado touched down one mile west of Kent and moved east for two miles. Like the Midway tornado, the Dunlap event was also was witnessed as twin funnels: a photographer standing amidst the wreckage of the Midway Trailer Court captured the Dunlap tornado as it passed just to the north. As the tornado passed south of Marion, the VA hospital was unroofed causing 20 injuries. Pictures and reports of witnesses indicate that two and sometimes three vortices were travelling together. Dave began attendance at the University of Minnesota beginning the fall of 1965. From the Detroit Metropolitan Airport, the radar operator at the U.S. Heres more old film look at what radar looked like in those days. We were between the center tornado and the tail of the other one. Then it got deathly quiet.. The panorama shopping center was blown down. Mar 25, 2018 - Explore Cheri Thornton-Conner's board "Palm Sunday Tornadoes, 4/11/1965", followed by 126 people on Pinterest. Russiaville/Alto/Kokomo/Greentown/Marion F4 Tornado - April 11, 1965 This severe weather event also marks the first time ever that Civil Defense Sirens were used to warn of approaching. Heres the 47 tornadoes that occurred that day by F-Scalethere were seventeen F4 tornadoes and another 5 were F3 intensity. Across Iowa, Wisconsin, Illinois, Indiana, Michigan and Ohio, 44 tornadoes touched. Palm Sunday 1965 was an unusually warm day in the Midwest, with temperatures jumping into the 70's. Palm Sunday tornadoes revealed Huffman's strong will and steady hand A renowned scientist pulled into a Dunlap driveway, wanting to speak to the homeowner about the infamous Palm Sunday tornadoes of April 11, 1965. [29], This was the most famous and well-publicized of the Palm Sunday tornadoes, often remembered as the first of twoF4 tornadoes to hit the Dunlap (Elkhart)Goshen area. JOY on Twitter: "RT @NWStornado: A tornado watch has been issued for After striking Dunlap, the tornado apparently weakened somewhat, but still generated extensive damage eastward to Hunter Lake. Photos here. Please be respectful of copyright. A Sunday like no other -- 1965 Palm Sunday tornado recalled This page documents the tornadoes and tornado outbreaks of 1965, primarily in the United States. Palm Sunday tornadoes revealed Huffman's strong will and steady hand Large trees situated 50 feet (15m) apart were found to have been felled in opposite directions. Check out Actual pic. Weather Bureau Office (WBO) observed that the thunderstorms over Northern Indiana and western Lower Michigan were moving east-northeastward at 70mph (110km/h). Meteorologist Tetsuya "Ted" Fujita revolutionized the study of severe storms. The twisters moved. What was the most destructive tornado in Minnesota history? An F1 tornado in Iowa was followed by a long-tracked, violent F4 tornado that killed four and injured 76 in Texas. An outbreak of seven tornadoes hit Illinois and Indiana, injuring 34. The next, it was dark as midnight.. 1966 Jackson MS 16 May 8, 1965 Gregory SD 15 May 5, 1964 Bradshaw NE 14 April 3, 1964 Wichita Falls TX 13 May 5, 1960 Prague OK 12 June 4, 1958 Menomonie WI 11 December 18, 1957 Sunfield IL 10 June 20, 1957 Fargo . While every effort has been made to follow citation style rules, there may be some discrepancies. TV21 comic #191 - Sep 14 1968 FR/GD. The Palm Sunday tornadoes that ripped across Monroe and Lenawee Counties in 1965 packed winds estimated at 200 miles an hour or more. Cookie Settings/Do Not Sell My Personal Information. Corrections? A truck landed on the empty foundation. The outbreak was the first to be studied in-depth aerially by tornado scientist Tetsuya Theodore Fujita, who proposed new theories about the structure of tornadoes based upon his study. What is a tornado? Entering Lenawee County, the tornado traversed the Irish Hills and approached Manitou BeachDevils Lake. As it struck Manitou BeachDevils Lake, the tornado destroyed the Manitou Beach Baptist Church; of the 50people then in attendance for Palm Sunday services, 26failed to reach shelter in time and were stranded beneath debris for up to twohours. This page is dedicated to the stories and memories of the Palm Sunday tornado that struck lower. [3], An outbreak of 15 tornadoes struck the Southeast, injuring 28. Torrential rains of up to eight inches in two hours near Sanderson caused a major flash flood that swept through the town. We will be looking at one of those F4s from that day in this summary. Shortly before dissipating, the tornado tossed cars off the Indiana Turnpike near Scott. On May 6, 1965, Minnesota saw one of the worst tornado outbreaks in its history. Just south of Swayzee, the tornado leveled some more homes and caused threeadditional deaths. The roofs and upper-story walls of the brick buildings were blown off. Photos here. The Mid-1970s also featured the first GOES satellite, which was launched into orbit in October of 1975. This is the fourth-deadliest day for tornadoes on record, trailing April3, 1974 (310deaths), the April27, 2011 (324), and March18, 1925 (747, including 695by the Tri-State Tornado). Dr. Fujita discovered suction vortices during the Palm Sunday tornado outbreak. The Night Of Tornadoes - May 6, 1965 - Woody Boater There have been 3 notable Palm Sunday Outbreaks. [6], An extremely destructive and deadly outbreak of 55tornadoes caused major damage from the Southern Plains to the Midwest. The photographs captured the evolution of the storm into twin funnels as it struck the trailer park, with each funnel gyrating around a central point yet only producing onedamage swath. 1965 picked up where 1964 left off, becoming the most active year on record at the time. This article was most recently revised and updated by, https://www.britannica.com/event/Palm-Sunday-tornado-outbreak-of-1965, Watertown Historical Society - 1965 Tornado. 1965 Palm Sunday - 1965 Palm Sunday Tornado Michigan - Facebook Palm Sunday tornado outbreak of 1965, series of tornados that struck the Midwestern region of the United States on April 11, 1965. On April 10-12, 1965, a devastating severe weather event affected the Midwestern and Southeastern United States. Looked like the car had been sand blasted. Words and narration by Bob Hartig.. Debris from the empty foundations was strewn over the surface of the lake and deposited in a small cove. Cars were upside down laying on top of buildingsweird. Dozens of houses of Willow Lane were either damaged or destroyed, and property damage totaled about $25 million, according to usa.com. [24] Pivotal to those clarifications was a meeting in the WMT Station's studio in Cedar Rapids, Iowa. The tornado also struck the community of Burtons Bridge. How rare are twin tornadoes? | KRCG - krcgtv.com The Palm Sunday Tornado Memorial Park now exists near this location, at the corner of County Road 45 and Cole Street in Dunlap (.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}413829N 855531W / 41.641522N 85.925157W / 41.641522; -85.925157). Crossing Nash Street and McHenry Avenue in Crystal Lake, the tornado unroofed or severely damaged several houses. The May 6, 1965, tornadoes devastated parts of Deephaven, particularly the Cottagewood neighborhood (above), Mound, Navarre, Chanhassen and part of Shorewood, near Christmas Lake.. Tornado statistics for older years like this often appear significantly lower than modern years due to fewer reports or confirmed tornadoes. Another F4 tornado north of Lansing left one person dead and there was a tornado fatality near Middleville in Barry Co. Other tornadoes that day hit north of Kalamazoo (17 injured there), near Hastings, Bay City, Unionville and 2 tornadoes struck Alma. It then devastated the Sunnyside Housing addition and the unoccupied Sunnyside Mennonite Church. April 11, 1965 Palm Sunday Tornadoes, documentary - YouTube The Bear Lake area in Cambria Township was one of Hillsdale's hardest hit areas during the Palm Sunday tornados of April 11, 1965. Indiana National Guardsmen patrolled the hard-hit areas. Read more. We gathered information for this event from the SPC & NCDC Databases,the June 1965 Storm Data Publication and Thomas Grazulis inSignificant Tornadoes and found the following differences: NOTE: The Storm Data Narrative does not list specifics for each tornado but groups 3 of them from the same area together. Eight spawned from supercell thunderstorms, impacting several counties. One person was killed, and several homes were damaged or destroyed. Across Northern Illinois, numerous funnel clouds were sighted in Wheaton, Carol Stream, Winfield, West Chicago, Aurora, and Rockford, respectively. Areas near Pratt, Kansas were struck by an F3 tornado, just one of nine significant tornadoes during the event. W : . Prior to crossing the St. JosephElkhart county line, the tornado claimed its first twofatalities. At that time the tornado first produced visible damage, at the Crystal Lake Country Club; twofirs on the golf course were prostrated. There had been a late winter in 1965, much of March being cold and snowy; and as the day progressed, warm temperatures encouraged picnickers and sightseers. Schools, churches and armories that werent damaged or destroyed were used as temporary morgues. More Retro Indy:The deadly 1963 Coliseum explosion, One minute the sun was shining. Winds peaked at 70kn (81mph; 130km/h) in Dixon, Illinois, and an anemometer at O'Hare International Airport in Chicago registered 60kn (69mph; 110km/h). At approximately 7:35 p.m. April 11, 1965, an F4 tornado slammed into Russiaville, virtually wiping out the business district and damaging hundreds of homes. Nearly 90 percent of the buildings were damaged orobliterated. Elkhart County took the brunt of the storms fury killing 65. Additionally, communities began activating civil defense sirens during tornado warnings, and storm spotting via amateur radio networks and other media received increased logistical support and emphasis, leading to the eventual creation of SKYWARN. The very strong shear and rapid forward speed of the stormsup to 70mph (110km/h) in some casesmay have enhanced the formation of cyclic supercells and could account for numerous reports of multiple mesocyclones and twin tornadoes, including the famous "twin tornadoes" near Elkhart, Indiana; similar conditions yielded the Tri-State Tornado, the longest-tracked and deadliest in U.S. history, on March18, 1925. The President was heard murmuring awful, awful to himself as he walked through the rubble and talked to survivors. [14][15], The well-defined surface cyclone over the High Plains intensified as it headed into Iowa, its central pressure decreasing from 990 to 985mb (29.23 to 29.09inHg) by 1:00p.m. CDT (18:00UTC). Although weather-radar stations were few and far between in 1965, the severe nature of the thunderstorms was identified with adequate time to disseminate warnings. Pictures from Marion, Indiana. The tornado then intensified significantly as it moved toward northern Goshen and the Midway Trailer Court. - Photo from the book "Hidden Revealed" - A sequel account of the May 6, 1965 tornado outbreak, by Allen W. Taylor. The tornado then widened to 1 mile (1.6km) across as it moved into nearby Alto, causing F4-level damage to homes, before striking the southern edge of the larger city of Kokomo. Tornado statistics for older years like this often appear significantly lower than modern years due to fewer reports or confirmed tornadoes. Palm Sunday Tornadoes of April 11, 1965 - Ametsoc [5], Tornado terror continued across the Midwest and Southeast with an outbreak of 14 tornadoes hitting the area, injuring three. The loss of life would have been much worse, but for the fact that it was still too early for the summer influx of cottage owners and the fact that many residents had left for evening Palm Sunday church services. Fifty years ago, people woke April 11 to clear skies and unseasonably mild temperatures. Starting just south of the Indiana-Michigan state line, near Orland, the first, deadliest, and strongest of twomassive tornadoes, each rated F4, debarked trees and leveled homes on the shoreline of Lake Pleasant in Steuben County.
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